Global steel production is currently 70% iron ore-based via the BF/BOF route and 30% scrap-based EAF. While EAF production is increasing, scrap availability will not keep pace with future demand. Ore-based metallics (OBM), such as DRI, will become key feedstocks—but only around 20% of iron ores meet the required Fe content (>65%) and low slag-forming elements.
The carbon-based BF process is designed for lower-grade ores, which make up the majority of global production. Technological development is therefore focusing on reduction and smelting processes that can convert low/medium-grade ores using hydrogen into sponge or pig iron for EAF or BOF steelmaking. Processing iron ores in their existing grain size using hydrogen in plasma processes is also emerging as a sustainable pathway.
At the end of this course, participants will be able to:
• Understand the basics of climate change and roadmaps to climate-neutral iron and steelmaking.
• Recognise the raw material and energy supply requirements for the transition.
• Be able to compare technology readiness levels (TRLs) and development cycles.